54) METHOD OF PREVENTION OF CATASTROPHES AND DEVICE FOR ITS REALIZATION
(57) The use for preventing natural or technogenetic catastrophes. Essence: luminous radiation signals from an element corresponding to the zone of a supposed catastrophe are processed with the aid of an optic system containing sensitive elements manufactured of a crystal, i.e. of rock crystal 2
made in the form of identical cubes arranged along the direction of radiation and placed inside a glass sphere. The last cube with the aid of an optical fiber is connected to a transducer which is connected through an amplifier to a processor system. In the optic system normalized radiation is formed. It is preferable to carry out scanning of various areas of the element made, for example, in the form of the map of a locality, in this case, a zone with increased characteristics of normalized radiation corresponds to the area of catastrophe generation. Thus for catastrophes of natural origin the area of catastrophe generation is featured with characteristics that exceed by 20-28% characteristics of other areas of the element, whereas for technogenetic catastrophes the corresponding increase amounts to 10-12%. Engineering result: increase in effectiveness with the simultaneous expansion of the application field of the claimed method and device. 2 p. and 6 z.p. of the claims, 3 ill. 3 4
Radiation
Fig. 1
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The invention may be used for prevention of various catastrophic phenomena both of natural origin, i.e. catastrophic earthquakes, and technogenetic catastrophic phenomena, in particular, at industrial objects.
A technique most similar in its engineering essence to the claimed method is the one for preventing a catastrophe of natural origin - an earthquake, by means of registering and processing signals defining a situation in the area of a supposed catastrophe (see inventor’s certificate of USSR No. 1030496, cl. E 02 D 27/34, 1983). In compliance with a known technique vibro-signals in the form of lithosphere fluctuations coming from an earthquake epicenter are processed with the aid of the net of seismic detectors, thus obtaining electric signals. In the center of data collection, registration and processing the obtained electric signals are converted into command signals that are delivered to emitters made in the form of vibration sources. Generated signals or normalizing signals are delivered to the area of the seismic focus in the form of elastic wave vibrations. Dampening of seismic vibrations is realized during the interaction between high-frequency elastic vibrations ensuing from the vibration sources and low-frequency wave vibrations from the earthquake epicenter. A drawback of the known technique consists in its low effectiveness since a counteraction against a catastrophic earthquake is realized only at achieving a sufficient rate of its development, and because of this it is first necessary to obtain a number of forecasting signals in the center of data collection, registration and processing. In addition, the known method is limited in its functional capabilities since it may only be used for preventing earthquakes and is unfit for preventing other catastrophic phenomena, for example, those of technogenetic character.
A device most similar in its engineering essence to the claimed device is the one for preventing a catastrophe of natural origin - an earthquake, that contains a converter of 6
signals defining a situation in the area of a supposed catastrophe, a signal registration system and emitter generating the signals assisting in normalizing the situation in the area of the supposed catastrophe (see inventor’s certificate of USSR No. 838014, cl. E 02 D 31/08, 1981). In the known device the signal converter is represented by a vibro-transducer that converts mechanical vibrations occurring during an earthquake into electric signals whose magnitude is proportional to the amplitude of the mechanical vibrations. The system of signal processing consists of a preliminary amplifier, units of frequency generation, unit of automatic phase tracking wherein a usable signal is 180-deg out of phase, and power amplifier. The emitter is made in the form of a vibration compressor that generates vibrations that are in antiphase with vibrations occurring at an earthquake and that assist in normalizing the situation in the area of earthquake occurrence.
A drawback of this device consists in its limited functional capabilities since it is only applicable at the occurrence of a catastrophic earthquake. In addition, operation of the known device involves high costs due to unusually high power expenses that are predetermined by the necessity of generating powerful mechanical vibrations within a sufficiently long period of time. The task of this invention is to raise the effectiveness of the catastrophe prevention method with the simultaneous expansion of the functional capabilities of the claimed method and device used for realizing it, and to reduce the expenses for the method realization.
The solution of the said tasks is ensured by a new method of catastrophe prevention by means of the prompt forecast of an incipient catastrophe and by generating signals normalizing the situation in the area of the supposed catastrophe, this method being realized with the aid of a new device.
In compliance with the device the method of catastrophe prevention is realized by means of registration and processing of signals defining the situation in the area of the supposed 7
catastrophe, in this case, the signals of luminous radiation from an element corresponding to the area of the supposed catastrophe are processed with the aid of an optic system consisting of sensitive elements made of oriented crystals sequentially arranged towards the radiation being perceived, and normalized radiation is created in it for normalizing the situation in the area of the supposed catastrophe; in this case, the following is preferable: carry out continuos scanning of various areas of the element corresponding to the zone of the supposed catastrophe, thus determining the area of catastrophe generation by the increased characteristics of radiation outgoing from the optic system in comparison with radiation characteristics of other areas; the area of catastrophe generation should be determined by a 20-28% increase in the characteristics of radiation corresponding to this area as compared to the radiation characteristics of the two areas; the area of technogenetic catastrophe origin should be determined by a 10-12% increase in the characteristics of radiation corresponding to this area in comparison with the radiation characteristics of other areas.
In compliance with the invention the device for catastrophe prevention contains a converter of signals defining the situation in the zone of the supposed catastrophe, a system of signal registration and an emitter generating the signals promoting the normalization in this zone, in this case the signal converter consists of an element corresponding to the zone of the supposed catastrophe and an optic system containing sensitive elements made of oriented crystals sequentially arranged towards the luminous radiation perceived, these crystals are made in the form of identical cubes that are shifted relative to each other and have different orientations of optical axes, and corresponding planes of the cubes are arranged in parallel, a glass sphere accommodating the cubes that form with it a
8 continuous transparent structure, and transducer of normalized radiation connected by means of an optical fiber to a cube which is the last one in direction of radiation propagation, in this case the transducer is connected to a processor system fitted with a software package for processing the transducer signals; in this case the following is preferable: the signal converter should be made in the form of a combination of the optic system and the locality map where the occurrence of a catastrophic earthquake is supposed; the signal converter should be made in the form of a combination of the optic system and telemetering system with a monitor used for representing an element corresponding to the zone of the supposed technogenetic catastrophe; the processor system software package should be supplied with all possible parameters of the zones of supposed catastrophes.
Central to this invention is the theory of wave synthesis combined with the general reality formula developed by the applicant (see Doctoral Dissertation in Physicomathematical sciences, G.P. Grabovoi “Research and Analysis of Fundamental Definitions of Optic Systems for Forecasting Earthquakes and Catastrophes of Industrial Objects”. M, Publishing House of RANS, 1999 pp. 9-19). In compliance with the wave synthesis theory reality may be regarded as a periodical intersection of stationary fields with dynamic ones, in this case a synthesis of a dynamic wave with a stationary one arises in intersection zones. In crystals a similar process makes it possible, using an inverse task, to obtain dynamic components of the wave synthesis from the stationary crystal-shaped medium, i.e. to obtain the phase of time. With a certain arrangement of crystals in space normalization of the medium occurs, this medium being a source of a certain element of light. Thus a possibility arises to normalize the medium whose information is contained in the element of light. In addition it is possible to determine the time of the deviation from the standard as the resources of the optic system has been
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exhausted, for example, to determine the time of an earthquake or catastrophe. Normalization of the situation in the zone of a supposed catastrophe is promoted by the use of emitter which is presented in the form of a microprocessor; normalization of the situation in the zone of a supposed catastrophe is carried out by means of an optic system consisting of oriented crystals sequentially arranged towards the direction of the luminous radiation perceived where the information of the emitting medium is coming. The emitting medium may be represented either by the locality map or the telemetering system with a monitor. As the light from the emitting medium is coming onto the sensitive elements of the optic system, the initial action of the emitting medium normalization by the first crystal occurs at the moment when the light element ensuing from the third crystal passes through the fourth crystal, and the next action of the normalization is realized as the light element passes through all of the crystals. The light is selected in the form of information carrier due to the fact that this will make it possible to visualize and register the laws of connections established by the general reality formula. Laser radiation may be used to intensify the process. The transducer of normalized radiation may be used in the capacity of a source of obtaining output data that might be made, say, in the form of a temperature-sensitive element connected with the last sensitive element. Registration of signals coming from the transducer will be realized with the aid of the processor system to which the transducer and emitter are connected. The use of the software package in the processor system that contains all possible parameters of the zones of supposed catastrophes allows to raise the efficiency of the claimed device. In a general way the claimed method and device make it possible to convert for the decrease or - for prevention, the information (in the form of luminous pulses) on catastrophes of both natural and technogenetic origin, in this case 10
the forecast and preventive actions of various catastrophic phenomena can be carried out from any point of space. The enclosed drawings depict the following: Fig. 1 - arrangement of sensitive elements in the optic system (view in projection to plane OX, OZ where OX - horizontal direction, OZ - vertical direction), Fig. 2 - arrangement of sensitive elements in the optic system (view in projection to plane OX, OY), Fig. 3 - general view of the device used for realizing the method for catastrophe prevention.
The device contains: sensitive elements 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 made in the form of cubes equal in size placed in glass sphere 8 and forming with it a monolithic transparent system, optic fiber 9 connecting the last sensitive element with normalized radiation transducer 10, laser 11, element 12 corresponding to the zone of the supposed catastrophe made for instance in the form of the locality map, amplifier 13 of signals coming from the transducer, the amplifier being installed at the input of processor system 14 provided with the software program for processing the signals coming from the transducer and connected to display 15 and to emitter 16 of signals promoting the normalization of the situation in the zone of the supposed catastrophe, and object 17 generating biological signals.
The number of sensitive elements in the optic system may be selected as equal to 7, 14 and so on. Sensitive elements 1 - 7 are made of crystals, i.e. of rock crystal or diamonds and are manufactured in the form of cubes equal in size with each other, for example, with the face length of 20 mm. When the cubes are fixed by the material of glass sphere 8, side faces of all the cubes are arranged in parallel. The arrangement of cubes 1 - 7 and orientation of their optic axes are selected so that it involves preventive measures of catastrophic phenomena, for example, earthquakes with the implementation of harmonization. The cubes are shifted in two mutually perpendicular planes as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. Output parameters of the optic system are registered with the use of 11
normalized radiation transducer 10 arranged at the side of sphere 8 that is inverse with regard a sphere facing locality map 12. It is preferable that transducer 10 is made in the form of a low-inertial film element that serves, for example, as a temperature-sensitive element. Use of laser 11 makes it possible to raise measurement accuracy of signals coming from transducer 10. Applying an object that generates biological signals additionally promotes the normalization of the situation in the zone of the supposed catastrophe. The device operation is considered, when describing the claimed method of preventing catastrophes.
In compliance with the claimed method luminous radiation coming from element 12 corresponding to the zone of the supposed catastrophe, this element made, for example, in the form of full-scale locality map, is directed to the optic system consisting of glass sphere 8 accommodating sensitive elements 1 - 7 made of oriented crystals sequentially arranged towards the luminous radiation being sensed. When converting the luminous radiation in an optic system like this (see Fig. 3), emission of maximally normalized form of light volume occurs. Normalization is realized as the light element passes through sensitive elements 1 - 7 whose relative location causes the harmonization of this light volume, and this, in its turn, normalizes the situation in the zone of the supposed catastrophe. In this case the degree of reduction of a catastrophic phenomenon is in conformity with the value of light volume normalization. Signals from transducer of normalized radiation 10 after having passed amplifier 13 are transferred to processor system 14 containing the software package for processing the incoming signals. After processing the signals on display 5 the image of signal characteristics is obtained. When forecasting a catastrophic phenomenon, emitter 16 is activated, and additional signals are sent to the zone of the supposed catastrophe, these signals promoting the normalization of the situation in this zone. It is preferable to carry out continuous scanning of 12 various areas of element 12 that corresponds to the zone of the supposed catastrophe by means of consecutive absorption of radiation coming from element 12 at all sensitive elements 1 - 7. The area of catastrophe origin in this case is determined on the basis of the increase of radiation characteristics of this area in comparison with the radiation characteristics of other areas. When a natural catastrophe is generated, for example an earthquake, the area of catastrophe origin features radiation characteristics exceeding by 20-28% the characteristics of other areas of element 12. If radiation characteristics increase less than by 20%, no catastrophic phenomenon will occur, and in case of the increase in radiation characteristics by more than 28% conclusion may be made of the development of a catastrophic phenomenon of extraordinary nature; in the generation of a technogenetic catastrophe, e.g. related to the violation of the nuclear reactor technological cycle, the area of catastrophe origin is determined from the increase of radiation characteristics by 10-12%. If radiation characteristics increase less than by 10%, no catastrophic phenomenon will occur, and if they increase by more than 12%, extreme development of events may be expected.
Let us give examples of realizing the claimed method with the use of a prototype of the claimed device containing an optic system consisting of a glass sphere wherein seven sensitive elements are sequentially arranged, that are manufactured of rock crystal and made in the form of cubes equal in size and with faces of 20 mm long. A transducer of normalized radiation made in the form of thin-film temperature-sensitive element is connected through an optic fiber to the cube that is the last one in the direction of luminous radiation propagation. Through an amplifier the transducer is connected to the input of the processor system that is made to ensure the possibility of accelerated calculation of a four-fold integrator. Example 1. Generation of a catastrophic earthquake was studied in the region of Kamchatka. Glass sphere 8 with sensitive
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elements 1 - 7 was placed at the distance of 250 mm from the full-scale map of Kamchatka, in this case the transducer of normalized radiation 10 was arranged on the surface of sphere 8 opposite to the surface that faced the map. Signals coming from transducer 10 passed through amplifier 13 and got onto processor system 14 where they were continuously processed, registered and brought to display 15. The measurements were carried out in the period that started at 9 h 03 min on June 26, 1999. An earthquake with the magnitude of 5.1 was forecast in the region of Kamchatka that took place at 9 h 03 min on July 3, 1999, and magnitude underestimation as a result of the use of the claimed device amounted to 0.4.
Example 2. Under the same conditions as in the previous example element 12 was scanned corresponding to the zone of supposed earthquake - map of Japan. An earthquake with the magnitude of 6.2 was forecast that took place at 9 h 03 min on July 3, 1999. Underestimation of the magnitude in comparison to the previously forecast value amounted to 0.8. Example 3. In conditions similar to those in example 1 the map of Alaska was scanned. The exact time of occurrence of an earthquake with the magnitude of 4.8 was forecast that took place at 19 h 26 min on July 4, 1999, and the underestimation of the magnitude amounted to 0.5. Example 4. In conditions similar to example 1 scanning of the map of the Philippines was carried out. The exact time of occurrence of an 14
earthquake with the magnitude of 4.0 was forecast that took place at 13 h 32 min on July 4, 1999, and the underestimation of the magnitude as a result of the use of the claimed device amounted to 0.2.
The analysis of the obtained data proves that in all cases full confirmation of the forecast phase was reached 7 days before the beginning with the exact time indication of earthquake beginning. The value of magnitude underestimation as a result of the use of the claimed device was within the range of 0.2 to 0.8. Advantages of the claimed method and device for its realization are the increase in effectiveness at the expense of accurate forecast of catastrophic phenomena generation beginning, possibility of remote normalization of the situation in the zones of supposed catastrophes. Simultaneously claimed method and device for its realization are more extensively used as compared to known ones because they may be used for getting prepared to catastrophes and preventing them with respect to both natural and technogenetic catastrophes with a full observance of ecological purity in their application. In addition expenses for their realization are reduced.
CLAIMS
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1. Method of prevention of catastrophes including registration and processing of signals characterizing the situation in the zone of a supposed catastrophe differing in that the signals of luminous radiation from an element corresponding to the zone of the supposed catastrophe are processed with the aid of an optic system consisting of sensitive elements made of oriented crystals arranged sequentially towards the radiation being perceived, in so doing, normalized radiation is formed in the system for normalizing the situation in the zone of the supposed catastrophe.
2. Method according to claim 1 differing in that continuous scanning of various areas of an element corresponding to the zone of a supposed catastrophe is carried out, in this case the area of catastrophe generation is determined by the increased characteristics of radiation emitting from the optic system in comparison with the radiation characteristics of other areas. 3. Method according to claim 2 differing in that the area of generation of a catastrophe of natural origin is determined by the 20-28-% increase of the characteristics of radiation corresponding to this area in comparison to the radiation characteristics of other areas.
4. Method according to claim 2 differing in that the area of generation of a technogenetic catastrophe is determined by the 10-12-% increase of the characteristics of radiation corresponding to this area in comparison to the radiation characteristics of other areas.
5. Device for prevention of catastrophes containing a converter of signals characterizing the situation in the zone of a 16
supposed catastrophe, system of signal registration and emitter generating signals promoting the normalization of the situation in this zone differing in that the signal converter consists of an element corresponding to the zone of a supposed catastrophe and an optic system containing sensitive elements manufactured of oriented crystals arranged sequentially towards luminous radiation being perceived that are made in the form of identical cubes shifted relative to each other and having different orientations of optical axes, and corresponding planes of the cubes are arranged in parallel, a glass sphere accommodating the cubes that form with it a continuous transparent structure, and a transducer of normalized radiation connected by means of an optical fiber with a cube which is the last one in the direction of radiation propagation, in this case the transducer is connected to the processor system provided with a software package for processing the transducer signals.
6. Device according to claim 5 differing in that the converter of signals is made in the form of a combination of the optic system and map of locality where the generation of a catastrophic earthquake is supposed.
7. Device according to claim 5 differing in that the converter of signals is made in the form of a combination of the optic system and the telemetering system with a monitor used for representing an element corresponding to the zone of the supposed technogenetic catastrophe. 8. Device according to claim 5 differing in that the software package of the processor system comprises all possible parameters of the zones of supposed catastrophes.
